Gecko [ sachasauda.akalacademy.ac.in ]

Name	Size	Permission
RelNotes	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
contrib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
howto	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
technical	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
COPYING	18.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
README	2.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
blame-options.txt	3.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.tx...	1.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt	1005 B	-rw-r--r--
cmds-foreignscminterface.txt	760 B	-rw-r--r--
cmds-mainporcelain.txt	2.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt	1.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt	1.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-purehelpers.txt	1.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmds-synchelpers.txt	543 B	-rw-r--r--
cmds-synchingrepositories.txt	397 B	-rw-r--r--
config.txt	90.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
date-formats.txt	848 B	-rw-r--r--
diff-config.txt	6.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
diff-format.txt	5.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
diff-generate-patch.txt	6.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
diff-options.txt	18.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
docbook-xsl.css	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
everyday.html	35.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
everyday.txt	12.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
fetch-options.txt	4.22 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-add.html	35.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-add.txt	13.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-am.html	25.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-am.txt	6.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-annotate.html	23.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-annotate.txt	752 B	-rw-r--r--
git-apply.html	30.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-apply.txt	10.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-archive.html	25.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-archive.txt	6.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bisect-lk2009.html	78.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bisect-lk2009.txt	48.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bisect.html	33.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bisect.txt	12.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-blame.html	37.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-blame.txt	7.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-branch.html	31.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-branch.txt	9.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bundle.html	25.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-bundle.txt	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cat-file.html	21.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cat-file.txt	2.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-attr.html	21.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-attr.txt	2.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-ignore.html	20.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-ignore.txt	2.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-ref-format.html	22.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-check-ref-format.txt	4.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-checkout-index.html	24.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-checkout-index.txt	5.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-checkout.html	38.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-checkout.txt	15.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cherry-pick.html	28.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cherry-pick.txt	7.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cherry.html	19.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cherry.txt	1.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-citool.html	17.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-citool.txt	543 B	-rw-r--r--
git-clean.html	19.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-clean.txt	1.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-clone.html	34.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-clone.txt	9.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-column.html	18.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-column.txt	1.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-commit-tree.html	25.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-commit-tree.txt	2.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-commit.html	43.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-commit.txt	14.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-config.html	181.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-config.txt	11.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-count-objects.html	18.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-count-objects.txt	1.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-cache--daemon.h...	17.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-cache--daemon.t...	684 B	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-cache.html	19.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-cache.txt	2.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-store.html	19.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential-store.txt	2.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential.html	23.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-credential.txt	5.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsexportcommit.html	21.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsexportcommit.txt	3.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsimport.html	27.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsimport.txt	7.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsserver.html	38.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-cvsserver.txt	15.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-daemon.html	32.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-daemon.txt	11.58 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-describe.html	24.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-describe.txt	5.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-files.html	59.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-files.txt	1.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-index.html	64.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-index.txt	4.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-tree.html	82.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff-tree.txt	5.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff.html	66.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-diff.txt	5.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-difftool.html	22.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-difftool.txt	4.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fast-export.html	23.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fast-export.txt	5.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fast-import.html	92.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fast-import.txt	53.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fetch-pack.html	21.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fetch-pack.txt	3.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fetch.html	38.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fetch.txt	2.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-filter-branch.html	37.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-filter-branch.txt	16.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fmt-merge-msg.html	19.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fmt-merge-msg.txt	1.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-for-each-ref.html	25.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-for-each-ref.txt	5.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-format-patch.html	58.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-format-patch.txt	18.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fsck-objects.html	16.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fsck-objects.txt	354 B	-rw-r--r--
git-fsck.html	23.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-fsck.txt	4.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-gc.html	23.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-gc.txt	5.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-get-tar-commit-id.html	17.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-get-tar-commit-id.txt	737 B	-rw-r--r--
git-grep.html	29.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-grep.txt	7.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-gui.html	22.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-gui.txt	3.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-hash-object.html	18.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-hash-object.txt	1.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-help.html	25.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-help.txt	5.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-backend.html	28.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-backend.txt	9.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-fetch.html	18.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-fetch.txt	1.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-push.html	20.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-http-push.txt	2.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-imap-send.html	22.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-imap-send.txt	4.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-index-pack.html	21.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-index-pack.txt	3.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-init-db.html	16.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-init-db.txt	409 B	-rw-r--r--
git-init.html	23 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-init.txt	4.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-instaweb.html	20.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-instaweb.txt	2.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-log.html	111.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-log.txt	5.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-lost-found.html	18.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-lost-found.txt	1.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-files.html	26.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-files.txt	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-remote.html	20.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-remote.txt	2.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-tree.html	21.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-ls-tree.txt	2.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mailinfo.html	20.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mailinfo.txt	3 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mailsplit.html	18.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mailsplit.txt	1.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-base.html	23.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-base.txt	4.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-file.html	20.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-file.txt	2.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-index.html	19.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-index.txt	2.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-one-file.html	16.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-one-file.txt	387 B	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-tree.html	17.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge-tree.txt	749 B	-rw-r--r--
git-merge.html	50.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-merge.txt	11.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mergetool--lib.html	18.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mergetool--lib.txt	1.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mergetool.html	20.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mergetool.txt	3.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mktag.html	17.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mktag.txt	806 B	-rw-r--r--
git-mktree.html	17.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mktree.txt	1.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mv.html	18.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-mv.txt	1.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-name-rev.html	19.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-name-rev.txt	1.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-notes.html	35.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-notes.txt	13.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-p4.html	44.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-p4.txt	18.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-objects.html	28.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-objects.txt	8.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-redundant.html	18.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-redundant.txt	1.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-refs.html	19.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pack-refs.txt	2.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-parse-remote.html	16.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-parse-remote.txt	471 B	-rw-r--r--
git-patch-id.html	17.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-patch-id.txt	940 B	-rw-r--r--
git-peek-remote.html	18.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-peek-remote.txt	1.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-prune-packed.html	17.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-prune-packed.txt	935 B	-rw-r--r--
git-prune.html	19.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-prune.txt	1.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pull.html	54.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-pull.txt	7.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-push.html	48.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-push.txt	16.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-quiltimport.html	18.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-quiltimport.txt	1.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-read-tree.html	38.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-read-tree.txt	16.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rebase.html	57.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rebase.txt	23.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-receive-pack.html	23.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-receive-pack.txt	5.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-reflog.html	20.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-reflog.txt	3.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-relink.html	17.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-relink.txt	649 B	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-ext.html	22.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-ext.txt	3.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-fd.html	19 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-fd.txt	1.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-helpers.html	16.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-testgit.html	17.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote-testgit.txt	570 B	-rw-r--r--
git-remote.html	26.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-remote.txt	6.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-repack.html	22.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-repack.txt	4.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-replace.html	19.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-replace.txt	2.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-repo-config.html	16.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-repo-config.txt	324 B	-rw-r--r--
git-request-pull.html	17.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-request-pull.txt	528 B	-rw-r--r--
git-rerere.html	25.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rerere.txt	7.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-reset.html	36.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-reset.txt	14.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rev-list.html	73.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rev-list.txt	3.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rev-parse.html	46.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rev-parse.txt	10.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-revert.html	22.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-revert.txt	3.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rm.html	24.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-rm.txt	5.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-send-email.html	36.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-send-email.txt	13.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-send-pack.html	21.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-send-pack.txt	3.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html	17.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt	928 B	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-i18n.html	18.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-i18n.txt	1.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-setup.html	20.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-sh-setup.txt	2.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-shell.html	20.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-shell.txt	2.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-shortlog.html	24.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-shortlog.txt	2.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show-branch.html	25.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show-branch.txt	6.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show-index.html	17.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show-index.txt	478 B	-rw-r--r--
git-show-ref.html	24.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show-ref.txt	5.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show.html	38.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-show.txt	1.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-stage.html	16.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-stage.txt	300 B	-rw-r--r--
git-stash.html	29.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-stash.txt	9.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-status.html	27.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-status.txt	7.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-stripspace.html	19.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-stripspace.txt	1.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-submodule.html	36.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-submodule.txt	15.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-svn.html	73.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-svn.txt	41.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-symbolic-ref.html	19.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-symbolic-ref.txt	1.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tag.html	31.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tag.txt	9.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tar-tree.html	20.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tar-tree.txt	2.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tools.html	22.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-tools.txt	3.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-unpack-file.html	17.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
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git-unpack-objects.html	18.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-unpack-objects.txt	1.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-update-index.html	35.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
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git-update-ref.html	20.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-update-ref.txt	3.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-update-server-info.html	17.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-update-server-info.txt	797 B	-rw-r--r--
git-upload-archive.html	17.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-upload-archive.txt	617 B	-rw-r--r--
git-upload-pack.html	17.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
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git-var.html	19.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
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git-verify-pack.html	18.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-verify-pack.txt	1.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-verify-tag.html	17.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-verify-tag.txt	411 B	-rw-r--r--
git-web--browse.html	21.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-web--browse.txt	3.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-whatchanged.html	35.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-whatchanged.txt	1.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-write-tree.html	17.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
git-write-tree.txt	1 KB	-rw-r--r--
git.html	70.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
git.txt	31.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitattributes.html	62.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitattributes.txt	33.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcli.html	26.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcli.txt	7.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcore-tutorial.html	99.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcore-tutorial.txt	62.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcredentials.html	24.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcredentials.txt	5.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcvs-migration.html	26.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitcvs-migration.txt	7.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitdiffcore.html	29.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitdiffcore.txt	10.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitglossary.html	48.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
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githooks.html	35.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
githooks.txt	13.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitignore.html	24.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitignore.txt	6.58 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitk.html	21.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitk.txt	3.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitmodules.html	21.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
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gitnamespaces.html	20.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitnamespaces.txt	3.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitremote-helpers.html	39.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitremote-helpers.txt	16.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitrepository-layout.html	28.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitrepository-layout.txt	7.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitrevisions.html	32.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitrevisions.txt	774 B	-rw-r--r--
gittutorial-2.html	33.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
gittutorial-2.txt	14.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
gittutorial.html	44.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
gittutorial.txt	22.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitweb.conf.html	66.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitweb.conf.txt	37.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitweb.html	50.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitweb.txt	26.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitworkflows.html	38.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
gitworkflows.txt	17 KB	-rw-r--r--
glossary-content.txt	21.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
howto-index.html	21.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
howto-index.txt	3.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
i18n.txt	2.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailmap.txt	2.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
merge-config.txt	3.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
merge-options.txt	3.58 KB	-rw-r--r--
merge-strategies.txt	4.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
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mergetools-merge.txt	187 B	-rw-r--r--
pretty-formats.txt	7.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
pretty-options.txt	2.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
pull-fetch-param.txt	3.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
rev-list-options.txt	27.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
revisions.txt	11.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
sequencer.txt	392 B	-rw-r--r--
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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-commit(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-commit -
   Record changes to the repository
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git commit</em> [-a | --interactive | --patch] [-s] [-v] [-u&lt;mode&gt;] [--amend]
           [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) &lt;commit&gt;]
           [-F &lt;file&gt; | -m &lt;msg&gt;] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
           [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=&lt;author&gt;]
           [--date=&lt;date&gt;] [--cleanup=&lt;mode&gt;] [--[no-]status]
           [-i | -o] [-S[&lt;keyid&gt;]] [--] [&lt;file&gt;&#8230;]</pre>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along
with a log message from the user describing the changes.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The content to be added can be specified in several ways:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
by using <em>git add</em> to incrementally "add" changes to the
   index before using the <em>commit</em> command (Note: even modified
   files must be "added");
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
by using <em>git rm</em> to remove files from the working tree
   and the index, again before using the <em>commit</em> command;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
by listing files as arguments to the <em>commit</em> command, in which
   case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
   record the current content of the listed files (which must already
   be known to Git);
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
by using the -a switch with the <em>commit</em> command to automatically
   "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
   listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
   that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
   actual commit;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the <em>commit</em> command
   to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit,
   before finalizing the operation. See the &#8220;Interactive Mode&#8221; section of
   <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to learn how to operate these modes.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--dry-run</code> option can be used to obtain a
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
that, you can recover from it with <em>git reset</em>.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-a
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--all
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
        been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
        told Git about are not affected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Use the interactive patch selection interface to chose
        which changes to commit. See <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> for
        details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-C &lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--reuse-message=&lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message
        and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
        when creating the commit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-c &lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--reedit-message=&lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Like <em>-C</em>, but with <em>-c</em> the editor is invoked, so that
        the user can further edit the commit message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--fixup=&lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Construct a commit message for use with <code>rebase --autosquash</code>.
        The commit message will be the subject line from the specified
        commit with a prefix of "fixup! ".  See <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>
        for details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--squash=&lt;commit&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Construct a commit message for use with <code>rebase --autosquash</code>.
        The commit message subject line is taken from the specified
        commit with a prefix of "squash! ".  Can be used with additional
        commit message options (<code>-m</code>/<code>-c</code>/<code>-C</code>/<code>-F</code>). See
        <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--reset-author
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When used with -C/-c/--amend options, or when committing after a
        a conflicting cherry-pick, declare that the authorship of the
        resulting commit now belongs of the committer. This also renews
        the author timestamp.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--short
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
        <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--branch
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--porcelain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
        format. See <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies
        <code>--dry-run</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--long
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
        Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-z
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--null
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When showing <code>short</code> or <code>porcelain</code> status output, terminate
        entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
        format is given, implies the <code>--porcelain</code> output format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-F &lt;file&gt;
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--file=&lt;file&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Take the commit message from the given file.  Use <em>-</em> to
        read the message from the standard input.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--author=&lt;author&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Override the commit author. Specify an explicit author using the
        standard <code>A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt;</code> format. Otherwise &lt;author&gt;
        is assumed to be a pattern and is used to search for an existing
        commit by that author (i.e. rev-list --all -i --author=&lt;author&gt;);
        the commit author is then copied from the first such commit found.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--date=&lt;date&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Override the author date used in the commit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-m &lt;msg&gt;
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--message=&lt;msg&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Use the given &lt;msg&gt; as the commit message.
        If multiple <code>-m</code> options are given, their values are
        concatenated as separate paragraphs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-t &lt;file&gt;
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--template=&lt;file&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When editing the commit message, start the editor with the
        contents in the given file.  The <code>commit.template</code> configuration
        variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the
        command.  This mechanism can be used by projects that want to
        guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message
        in what order.  If the user exits the editor without editing the
        message, the commit is aborted.  This has no effect when a message
        is given by other means, e.g. with the <code>-m</code> or <code>-F</code> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-s
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--signoff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
        log message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-n
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-verify
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks.
        See also <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--allow-empty
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
        sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
        from making such a commit.  This option bypasses the safety, and
        is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--allow-empty-message
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
       Like --allow-empty this command is primarily for use by foreign
       SCM interface scripts. It allows you to create a commit with an
       empty commit message without using plumbing commands like
       <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--cleanup=&lt;mode&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
        cleaned up before committing.  The <em>&lt;mode&gt;</em> can be <code>strip</code>,
        <code>whitespace</code>, <code>verbatim</code>, or <code>default</code>.
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
strip
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, and
        #commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
whitespace
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Same as <code>strip</code> except #commentary is not removed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
verbatim
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Do not change the message at all.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
default
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Same as <code>strip</code> if the message is to be edited.
        Otherwise <code>whitespace</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The default can be changed by the <em>commit.cleanup</em> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-e
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--edit
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        The message taken from file with <code>-F</code>, command line with
        <code>-m</code>, and from commit object with <code>-C</code> are usually used as
        the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
        further edit the message taken from these sources.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-edit
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Use the selected commit message without launching an editor.
        For example, <code>git commit --amend --no-edit</code> amends a commit
        without changing its commit message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--amend
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
        commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
        the effect of the <code>-i</code> and <code>-o</code> options and explicit
        pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
        as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
        other message is specified from the command line via options
        such as <code>-m</code>, <code>-F</code>, <code>-c</code>, etc.  The new commit has the same
        parents and author as the current one (the <code>--reset-author</code>
        option can countermand this).
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is a rough equivalent for:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>        $ git reset --soft HEAD^
        $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
        $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>but can be used to amend a merge commit.</p></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
amend a commit that has already been published.  (See the "RECOVERING
FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>.)</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-post-rewrite
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Bypass the post-rewrite hook.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-i
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--include
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
        stage the contents of paths given on the command line
        as well.  This is usually not what you want unless you
        are concluding a conflicted merge.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-o
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--only
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
        command line, disregarding any contents that have been
        staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
        <em>git commit</em> if any paths are given on the command line,
        in which case this option can be omitted.
        If this option is specified together with <em>--amend</em>, then
        no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend
        the last commit without committing changes that have
        already been staged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-u[&lt;mode&gt;]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--untracked-files[=&lt;mode&gt;]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show untracked files.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The mode parameter is optional (defaults to <em>all</em>), and is used to
specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
default is <em>normal</em>, i.e. show untracked files and directories.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The possible options are:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>no</em>     - Show no untracked files
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>normal</em> - Shows untracked files and directories
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>all</em>    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
configuration variable documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-v
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--verbose
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
        would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
        template.  Note that this diff output doesn&#8217;t have its
        lines prefixed with <em>#</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-q
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--quiet
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Suppress commit summary message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dry-run
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are
        to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left
        uncommitted and paths that are untracked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--status
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the commit
        message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
        message.  Defaults to on, but can be used to override
        configuration variable commit.status.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-status
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Do not include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the
        commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
        default commit message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-S[&lt;keyid&gt;]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--gpg-sign[=&lt;keyid&gt;]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        GPG-sign commit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
&lt;file&gt;&#8230;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        When files are given on the command line, the command
        commits the contents of the named files, without
        recording the changes already staged.  The contents of
        these files are also staged for the next commit on top
        of what have been staged before.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_date_formats">DATE FORMATS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_DATE environment variables
and the <code>--date</code> option
support the following date formats:</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Git internal format
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        It is <code>&lt;unix timestamp&gt; &lt;timezone offset&gt;</code>, where <code>&lt;unix
        timestamp&gt;</code> is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
        <code>&lt;timezone offset&gt;</code> is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
        For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is <code>+0200</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
RFC 2822
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        The standard email format as described by RFC 2822, for example
        <code>Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ISO 8601
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example
        <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>. The parser accepts a space instead of the
        <code>T</code> character as well.
</p>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats:
<code>YYYY.MM.DD</code>, <code>MM/DD/YYYY</code> and <code>DD.MM.YYYY</code>.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
called the "index" with <em>git add</em>.  A file can be
reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
to that of the last commit with <code>git reset HEAD -- &lt;file&gt;</code>,
which effectively reverts <em>git add</em> and prevents the changes to
this file from participating in the next commit.  After building
the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
<code>git commit</code> (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
has been staged so far.  This is the most basic form of the
command.  An example:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ edit hello.c
$ git rm goodbye.c
$ git add hello.c
$ git commit</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
tell <code>git commit</code> to notice the changes to the files whose
contents are tracked in
your working tree and do corresponding <code>git add</code> and <code>git rm</code>
for you.  That is, this example does the same as the earlier
example if there is no other change in your working tree:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ edit hello.c
$ rm goodbye.c
$ git commit -a</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The command <code>git commit -a</code> first looks at your working tree,
notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
and performs necessary <code>git add</code> and <code>git rm</code> for you.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to <code>git commit</code>.
When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
only records the changes made to the named paths:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ edit hello.c hello.h
$ git add hello.c hello.h
$ edit Makefile
$ git commit Makefile</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This makes a commit that records the modification to <code>Makefile</code>.
The changes staged for <code>hello.c</code> and <code>hello.h</code> are not included
in the resulting commit.  However, their changes are not lost&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;they are still staged and merely held back.  After the above
sequence, if you do:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git commit</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>this second commit would record the changes to <code>hello.c</code> and
<code>hello.h</code> as expected.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>After a merge (initiated by <em>git merge</em> or <em>git pull</em>) stops
because of conflicts, cleanly merged
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
conflicted are left in unmerged state.  You would have to first
check which paths are conflicting with <em>git status</em>
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
stage the result as usual with <em>git add</em>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git status | grep unmerged
unmerged: hello.c
$ edit hello.c
$ git add hello.c</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>After resolving conflicts and staging the result, <code>git ls-files -u</code>
would stop mentioning the conflicted path.  When you are done,
run <code>git commit</code> to finally record the merge:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git commit</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>As with the case to record your own changes, you can use <code>-a</code>
option to save typing.  One difference is that during a merge
resolution, you cannot use <code>git commit</code> with pathnames to
alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
should be recorded as a single commit.  In fact, the command
refuses to run when given pathnames (but see <code>-i</code> option).</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Though not required, it&#8217;s a good idea to begin the commit message
with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses
the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
   are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
   What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
   with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
   to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
   thing as pathname encoding translation.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
   of bytes.  There is no encoding translation at the core
   level.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL
   bytes.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
mind.</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
<em>git commit</em> and <em>git commit-tree</em> issues
  a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
  like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
  project uses a legacy encoding.  The way to say this is to
  have i18n.commitencoding in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>[i18n]
        commitencoding = ISO-8859-1</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
of <code>i18n.commitencoding</code> in its <code>encoding</code> header.  This is to
help other people who look at them later.  Lack of this header
implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>git log</em>, <em>git show</em>, <em>git blame</em> and friends look at the
  <code>encoding</code> header of a commit object, and try to re-code the
  log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  You can
  specify the desired output encoding with
  <code>i18n.logoutputencoding</code> in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>[i18n]
        logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
<code>i18n.commitencoding</code> is used instead.</p></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
reversible operation.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_environment_and_configuration_variables">ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
order).  See <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a> for details.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>This command can run <code>commit-msg</code>, <code>prepare-commit-msg</code>, <code>pre-commit</code>,
and <code>post-commit</code> hooks.  See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more
information.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_files">FILES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress.
        If <code>git commit</code> exits due to an error before creating a commit,
        any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in
        an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be
        overwritten by the next invocation of <code>git commit</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>,
<a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>,
<a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>,
<a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>,
<a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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